Antibiotics in Aquaculture: Questionable Risk to Public Health
نویسنده
چکیده
antimicrobial use in food-animal production increase, while the absence of sound data allows for the presentation of highly speculative, unsubstantiated arguments and innuendo. At the heart of the argument is the belief by some that use of these drugs in agriculture and aquaculture leads to the increase and spread of antibiotic resistance. In fact, the probability of resistance transfer from bacteria occurring in aquaculture systems to human pathogenic bacteria is believed to be low. The aquaculture environment and the industry’s practices present several barriers to such transfer, although these barriers also complicate quantitative risk analysis. Many aquatic species are farmed, including vertebrate and invertebrate animals, as well as various plants. In the United States, for example, the United States Department of Agriculture recently conducted a survey indicating that at least 23 different species were farmed. Internationally, this number is far greater and continues to expand. Species are raised in freshwater and in brackish to marine waters, and in both cold and warm temperatures (5-30o C). Methods range from the relatively open-water net pen systems and flow-through raceways, to individual ponds and closed, recirculating systems. Each offers advantages and disadvantages, as well as the potential to
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تاریخ انتشار 2000